摘 要
进入21世纪后，全球经济增长速度开始慢慢转向低谷，目前国际贸易表现出传统贸易方式与国际合作方式日益融合,全球化市场正在形成。各国政府为了实现本国贸易收益的最大化，纷纷设立了各种非关税壁垒和其他名义来保护本国贸易和市场，而在非关税壁垒中，新贸易保护主义已经成为当今全球外贸经济保护政策的主要形式，而技术性贸易壁垒由于其复杂的双重性、隐蔽性和有针对性等特点，使得技术性贸易壁垒成为新贸易保护的主要形式之一，预计在未来贸易壁垒的形式和内容会更加丰富多彩。
为了提高对技术性贸易壁垒的认识，本文首先对技术性贸易壁垒的含义和分类等进行了详细分析；接着分析了技术性贸易壁垒对出口的重大的影响。其消极方面，技术性贸易壁垒具有数量作用机制和价格作用机制，会降低出口数量，并提高出口价格，降低本国出口商品的竞争优势，并且技术性贸易壁垒会提高出口企业的成本，使企业的市场准入受到限制，更容易引起贸易纠纷，妨碍对外贸易的正常发展，但同时技术性贸易壁垒也具有一定的正面效应，会提高商品的质量，提高对人类和动物生命、健康的保障，提高人们的环保意识，因此技术性贸易壁垒是一把“双刃剑”，企业要学会有效利用有益的一面，降低或杜绝有害的一面发挥作用；为了有效应对技术性贸易壁垒，政府、行业协会和企业应该协调合作，采取有效地措施尽量降低和避免技术性贸易壁垒的负面影响，政府作为应对技术性贸易壁垒的领导者，首先要引导企业树立应对技术性贸易壁垒的意识，并且建立相应的数据库和预警机制，促进产业结构的合理化，在必要的情况下设定合法、合理的技术性贸易壁垒保护本国的产业和企业；行业协会更是要协调好各个行业的企业之间的协调工作，要严明立法，明确协会的职责；最重要的还是企业本身，要注重提高产品质量、提高产品技术含量，并且要具有国际眼光，建立海外企业绕开技术性贸易壁垒的限制。
与此同时，要通过信息化方式建立搭建技术性贸易壁垒的联合应对平台，借助网络和计算机的帮助，设立相应的网站服务和俱乐部的服务，并协助对企业管理层的培训提高企业应对技术性贸易壁垒的能力。目前，湖北省的出口经济正处于快速发展的阶段，政府相关部门、行业协会和企业更要发挥各自的作用，协助各出口企业提高应对技术性贸易壁垒的能力。
关键字：技术性贸易壁垒；价格控制机制；数量控制机制；
信息化；联合应对平台
Abstract
After entering the 21st century, global economic growth began to turn lower slowly. At present, the fundamental performance of the international trade is that traditional trade patterns and international cooperation increasingly integrated global market is emerging, and in order to achieve their maximum gains from trade ,the governments have set up various non-tariff barriers and other trade measures to protect their own national market. In the non-tariff barriers, the new trade protectionism has become the main form of protection policy of the global trade economy, and because of its complex dual nature, hidden and specific characteristics, technical barriers to trade have become one of the main forms of new trade protections, and they are expected to be more colorful in the form and content in the future.
In order to improve the understanding of the technical barriers to trade, this paper analyzes detailed of the meaning and classification of technical barriers to trade; then analyzes the major impact on exports. On negative side, technical barriers to trade have price mechanism and quantity mechanism, they will reduce exports quantity, increase export prices, reduce competitive advantage of domestic exports of and increase the cost of export enterprises, so for the enterprise market access entry is restricted and more easily it will lead to trade disputes, and prevent the normal development of foreign trade. On positive side, technical barriers to trade will improve product quality, improve security to human and animal life and health, and improving people's environmental awareness. So the technical barriers to trade is a "double-edged sword", and the enterprises should learn to use of beneficial side effectively, and reduce or eliminate the harmful side. In order to deal with technical barriers to trade effectively, government、industry associations and enterprises should cooperate and take effective measures to minimize and avoid the negative impact of technical barriers to trade. The government acting as leaders to deal with technical trade barriers, first they should guide enterprises to set up awareness to deal with technical barriers to trade, establish appropriate databases and early warning mechanisms, promote the rationalization of industrial structure, when necessary, set legal and reasonable technical barriers to trade to protect its industries and enterprises. Industry association should do well between the business coordination in the various industries, understand the responsibilities of the association. The most important role is the enterprise itself. They should focus on improving product quality, improving product technology content, and having international outlook, setting up overseas companies to bypass the restrictions of technical barriers to trade in.
At the same time, we can use Internet to establish platform to deal with technical barriers to trade. With the help of computer and networks, set up the appropriate web service and club service, take training of enterprise management to improve their capacity to deal with technical barriers to trade. Currently, the export economy in Hubei Province is on the stage of rapid development, so the relevant government departments, industry associations and companies must play their respective roles to assist export enterprises to improve capacity to deal with technical barriers to trade.
Keyword: Technical Barriers to Trade Price control mechanism
Quantity control mechanism Informatization
Combined with the platform
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