摘 要
目前我国能源利用效率的低下加大了单位产出的能源消耗量，增加了能源消耗总量。据统计，我国每吨标准煤的产出效率仅相当于日本的10.3％、欧盟的16.8％、美国的28.6％。单位产值能耗是世界平均水平的2倍多。石化、电力、钢铁、有色、建材、化工、纺织等行业主要产品单位能耗平均比国际先进水平高40％；燃煤工业锅炉平均运行效率比国际先进水平低15％－20％。每立方米水的产出效率，世界平均是37美元，中国只有2美元，而英国是93美元，日本是55美元，德国是51美元。
近年来，国家制订了一系列针对节能降耗的法律法规和技术规范，并将能耗降低和污染减排完成情况纳入各地经济社会发展综合评价体系，作为政府领导干部综合考核评价和企业负责人业绩考核的重要内容，实行严格的问责制。
能源计量是提高能源利用率、实现节能减排的重要基础，在节能减排中起着“标尺”和“眼睛”的作用。能源计量近些年来已引起了全社会的关注。2007年国家强制性标准GB17617－2006《用能单位能源计量器具配备和管理通则》的正式实施，为企业进行能源计量提供了标准与原则。
根据以上精神，近一两年，各地方政府发改委部门成立了“节能监测中心”（各地的机构名称可能有所不同），一般是该中心与当地计量部门合署办公。该中心的主要技术职责定位如下：
通过对耗能设备监测、能质检验、能量平衡测试等技术手段，对用能单位的能源利用状况进行定量分析，依据国家有关能源法律法规和技术标准对用能单位的能源利用效率作出评价，对浪费能源的行为提出处理意见，加强政府节能主管部门对用能单位合理利用能源执行节能政策和标准的监督检查。
同时，作为用能单位，从自身减少污染物排放，降低生产成本的目的出发，也迫切需要及时掌握各自总的能源消耗情况以及范围内的耗能工序和耗能设备的能源消耗情况。
为了满足以上要求，适应政府和用能单位对能源消耗情况的及时了解和掌握,各级政府和用能单位，迫切需要一套集准确计量、实时采集，并具有数据自动存储、运算、统计、查询、分析功能于一体的能源计量监测管理信息系统。
该管理信息系统是以智能检测技术、网络技术和计算机信息技术为支撑，用符合准确度要求的智能化计量器具作为测量工具，通过网络化、信息化技术自动实时采集和传输能源计量数据，并根据有关标准和用户要求，通过计算机信息技术对采集到的实时数据自动存储、运算、统计、分析、查询，最后给出用能单位和一个地区的实际用能状况和综合能耗指标，为用能单位降耗增效，提高能源计量和节能管理水平，为地方政府制定节能评价、制定节能降耗可持续发展政策提供数据参考。
关键词：节能降耗 计量 监测 管理信息系统
Abstract
At present the low efficiency of energy use in China has increased the energy consumption per unit of output, increasing the total energy consumption. According to statistics, output efficiency per ton of standard coal is equivalent to only 10.3% of that in Japan, 16.8% of that in UK, 28.6% of that in the United States. Energy consumption value as per unit output is twice as much as the world average. The average unit energy consumption of major products in petrochemical, power, steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, chemical industry, textile industry, is more than 40% of that in the international advanced level; the efficiency of coal-fired industrial boilers on average is lower than the international advanced level of 15% -20%. Output efficiency of water per cubic meter, the world average is 37 U.S. dollars, China is only 2 dollars, and the United Kingdom is 93 dollar, Japan is 55 dollars, Germany is 51 dollars.
In recent years, China has issued a series of laws, regulations and technical specifications for energy saving. The achievement of energy saving and pollution reduction are considered as the most important factor in local economic social development evaluation system. Accountability System is strictly carried out for governmental leaders and enterprises’ leaders.
Energy measurement is an important factor to improve energy efficiency, energy saving and pollution reduction. Energy measurement plays a very important monitoring function. In recent years, energy measurement has caused widely consideration in China. In 2007 the national compulsory standard GB17617-2006 <General principle for equipping and managing of the measuring instrument of energy in organization of energy using> has been officially implemented, it defines the standards and principles of the energy measurement for the enterprise.
Based on the above information, in recent two years, the Local Development and Reform Commission department set up "Energy Conservation Monitoring Centre" (this organization may have different names around China), usually the headquarters and local departments work together, the headquarters’ main technical responsibilities are as below：
Through the inspection of energy consumption equipment, energy quality and energy balance, etc. to have a quantitative analysis for energy consumption enterprise’s efficiency status. Evaluate energy consumption enterprise’s efficiency according to state’s related regulations and technical specifications. Disposal is needed when energy wasting behavior is found out. Government energy saving supervising department should inspect strictly on energy consumption enterprise to improve their efficiency.
Meanwhile, as energy consumption company , to reduce emissions from their own and save cost, it is necessary to control its total energy consumption and its energy consumption process.
To meet the above requirements, and to have an immediate control of energy consumption, the government and enterprises need to have a precise energy monitoring and management information system which is monitoring 24 hours, and the system can store, calculate, statistic, check, analyses the data automatically.
The management information system is based on intelligent inspection technology, network technology and computer information technology. With intelligent measuring equipment, the system automatically collect and transmit energy computation data. According to related standard and requirement, the system also can store, calculate, statistic, check, analyses the data automatically, then it provides a comprehensive energy consumption level for the energy consumption enterprise. The system can save and monitor energy effectively, it also provides reference data to local government for energy evaluation and sustainable development.
Key words：Saving Energy and Reducing Consumption, Measurement, inspection, Management Information System
