摘 要
上个世纪90年代以来，我国食品安全事故频发，大到山西假酒、瘦肉精、阜阳奶粉、三鹿奶粉等触目惊心的食品安全事件，小到地沟油、人造鸡蛋等与人们生活息息相关的食品。食品安全事件愈演愈烈，严重影响百姓人身健康和生命财产安全，甚至对我国在国际社会中造成恶劣影响。在加强食品安全监管方面，我国政府做了大量的工作，投入了大量的人力、物力、财力，制定颁布了《食品安全法》，但收效甚微。纵观近几年食品安全事件，大都由第三方组织发现、揭露并曝光，从而引发各种食品安全整治活动。第三方组织在食品安全监管中的作用日益凸显。因此，在我国目前结构失衡的宏观食品质量监管体系中，研究第三方组织在食品安全监管领域中作用具有重要的理论意义和迫切的现实意义。
本文运用文献分析法、比较研究法、实证分析法、总结归纳法，展开对第三方组织在食品安全监管作用的研究。首先，介绍了问题提出的背景、目的与意义，对国内外关于第三方组织在食品安全监管领域问题的研究进展进行了详细综述。得出结论，国外发达国家发挥政府、市场、第三方组织三方的作用，三者互为补充。而我国第三方组织作用未充分发挥，所以导致食品安全事故频频发生。在分析食品安全监管、第三方组织定义的基础上，运用政府/市场失灵、合约失灵理论，阐述了第三方组织进入食品安全监管领域的必要性和可行性。以美国、德国、日本为例，分析了国外发达国家第三方组织的作用后指出，第三方组织是食品安全监管体系的重要组成部分，其在政府的领导下，弥补政府与市场食品安全监管的不足。分析了我国由于第三方组织缺位对食品安全监管而产生的影响，指出目前我国第三方组织在食品安全监管领域目前存在政社不分、能力不足、缺乏公信度、缺乏法制依据、缺乏竞争机制、缺乏社会监督等问题。从而指出，第三方组织在食品安全监管中是一把双刃剑，政府一定要发挥其宏观质量管理职能，正确引导第三方组织发挥作用。本文还指出我国食品安全监管领域第三方组织改进策略，采取政府重视发动发展、积极培育引动发展、健全法制推动发展、加强监督促动发展、三足鼎立互动发展、自我约束驱动发展、提高能力主动发展、宣传推广鼓动发展、宏观调控带动发展等措施，积极鼓励第三方组织又好又快发展，弥补政府和市场的监管不足。特别是提出构建以第三方组织为主的食品安全信息网络，有效加强食品安全监管。
关键词：第三方组织；食品安全；监管；作用
Abstract
Since the 1990s, China's food safety accident frequency, the big into shanxi false wine, lean extract, Fuyang milk powder, SanLu milk powder etc descripting the food safety accidents, small to edible oils, artificial eggs, etc and people life food. Food safety accidents increasingly fierce, the serious influence people personal health and safety of lives and property, even in the international society of our country poor result influence. Food safety supervision in strengthening, our government did a lot of work, invested a lot of human, material and financial resources, formulated and promulgated the food safety , but with little success. In recent years, most of the food safety accidents by third-party organizations find, expose and exposure, causing all kinds of food safety regulation activities. Third-party organizations in the role of food safety monitoring increasingly prominent. Therefore, in our country at present the structural imbalances in macro food quality supervision system, the third party organizations in the field of food safety monitoring role has important theoretical significance and urgent practical significance.
This paper USES document analysis, comparative research, empirical analysis and summary of third-party organizations launched the inductive method, food safety supervision role in the research. Firstly, this paper introduces the background, put forward on purpose and meaning, about third parties at home and abroad in the food safety supervision areas of research progress on the problem is reviewed in detail. Conclusion, foreign developed countries play to the government, market, the role of third party organization, whose three complement each other. And our country third-party organizations where not fully, role that food safety accidents occurred frequently. On the analysis of food safety monitoring, the basis of the definition of the third party organization, using government/market failure, contract failure theory, this paper expounds the third-party organizations into the food safety supervision areas of necessity and feasibility. For example, in the United States, Germany, Japan, analyzes the third-party organizations abroad developed countries the role of third party organization is pointed out that, after the food safety supervision system is an important part in the government, under the leadership of the government and the market, compensate for lack of food safety monitoring. Analyzes the absence of third party organization because of food safety monitoring and, third party organization in the food safety supervision areas ZhengShe existing ability is insufficient, lack not divided, lack of legal basis, only, lack of competition mechanism, the lack of social supervision, etc. Thus pointed, the third party organizations in food safety monitoring is a double-edged sword, the government must play its macroscopic quality management function to correctly guide third-party organizations play a role. Pointed out that our country food safety monitoring field, third-party organisation improvement strategies adopted government attaches importance to launch development, actively foster foster development, establish a legal environment YinDong promoting development, perfecting supervision mechanism props to the development, Japan interaction development, self-discipline driver development, improve ability active development, publicity and promotion incited development, macro-control measures driven development, actively encouraging third-party organizations, nice and fast development, up the government and market regulatory inadequate. Special proposes to construct the third party organization for food safety information network, effectively strengthen the food safety supervision.
Keywords: third-party; organizations; food safety; regulation; role
