摘 要
在全球经济贸易迈向一体化的今天，无论是发达国家，还是发展中国家均越来越重视标准化工作。作为国际标准化组织（IS0）常任理事国的美国、英国、德国、法国、日本，不仅仅是经济强国，同样也是标准化强国。在和平发展的世界格局中，这些国家发起了一场新的技术战争，就是通过贸易技术壁垒左右世界政治和经济，而标准则是这些国家攻城掠地的技术武器，国家标准作为使用范围最广、效力影响最深的一种标准，在各国的政治、经济、文化中扮演着重要的角色，利用国家标准制定市场准入门槛，对内可以调整产业结构，优化产业布局，淘汰落后产能，提升技术创新；对外可以增加贸易砝码、维护国民利益、保障经济安全。同样是ISO常任理事国的中国在国家标准制修订的工作积淀上远没有上述国家深厚，在由计划经济向市场经济转型过渡的过程中，尽管几乎完全照搬了国际上标准制修订的通行做法，但我们的国家标准还大量出现监管缺失、技术水平不高、使用率低下等现象。如何制修订适合本国社会经济实际的国家标准是每一个标准化工作者所关心和思考的问题。有鉴于此，本文将我国与美国、英国、德国、法国、日本等国家就国家标准制修订制度进行比较，通过宏观管理模式和微观工作模式两个层面中各个要素的比对分析，探寻我国国家标准制修订工作的症结所在。
具体而言，本论文的主要研究工作论述如下：
第一，本文分析了国家标准制修订的性质和主要功能，阐述了国家标准制修订制度所应遵循的原则，提出了国家标准制修订制度最终所应该达到的目的和状态。
第二，本文对我国国家标准制修订制度进行了现状分析。在概述我国现行国家标准制修订制度发展过程、管理机制、工作机制的前提下，通过大量的数据，图表、统计抽样调查结果阐明我国国家标准存在的问题，并分析这些问题与我国现行国家标准制修订制度之间的关联性。
第三，本文对选取的美国、英国、德国、日本、法国等五个比较对象展开了分析，从管理体系、职责分工、运作方式等方面进行了管理模式分析，同时具体分析了各个比较对象之间国家标准制修订工作模式，并提炼出各个比较对象在管理制度和运行机制之间的共通因素。
第四，本文进行了我国与所选取对象之间的国家标准制修订制度的比较分析，分析的重点放在管理模式和工作模式上。其中，在管理模式上选取了机构设置、职责分工、运行机制三个经度，在机构设置经度上选择了管理成本、协调能力、市场需求反应程度三个纬度，在运行机制经度上选择了国家标准需求、法律制度保障、民间机构能力三个纬度进行比较分析；在工作模式上，比较分析了国家标准制修订最核心的两个环节---立项环节与起草环节。依据上述国家标准制修订制度的横向与纵向比较结果，结合现状进行了原因分析，并对分析结论进行了综述。
最后，作者提出本文虽然依据比较分析的方法，通过要素的提取，发现了我国与比较对象之间在国家标准制修订制度上的差异，但这些差异产生的原因涉及到公共行政职能调整、市场培育机制建设、主体人文因素等诸多变量，而这些变量在我国社会经济发展的现阶段需要更加深入的研究后才能逐步消化和改变，这也将是本课题继续研究及发展的方向。
综上所述，本文的目的是通过提出制约我国国家标准制修订工作发展的关键控制点，为今后进一步理顺我国国家标准制修订工作机制提供参考。
关键词：国家标准制修订，管理模式，工作模式
Abstract
Towards the integration of trade in the global economy today, whether developed or developing countries are more and more attention to standardization. As the International Organization for Standardization (IS0) permanent members of the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Japan, not only economic power, is also a standard power. In the world structure of peace and development, these countries launched a new technology of war, that is, technical barriers to trade around the world through political and economic, while the standard is to conquer new territories of these countries the technology weapons, the use of national standards as wide, the effectiveness of a standard most in the political, economic, cultural, play an important role in development of national standards by the market access threshold, the internal can adjust the industrial structure, optimize the industrial layout, eliminate backward production capacity, improve technological innovation; external trade can increase the weight and maintenance of public interests and ensure economic security. ISO is also a permanent member of China's national standard of work and revision on the accumulation of these countries is far from deep, from a planned economy to a market economy during the transition, although almost completely reproduces the revision of international standards of common practice, But why do we have national standards for large numbers of lack of supervision, technical level is not high, the utilization rate is low and so on. How to make amendments to suit their own national standards for social and economic reality is a standardized worker for every interest and think about the view of this, this article will China and the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Japan and other countries to carry out the revised system of national standards comparison, the micro through macro management mode and operation mode of each factor at two levels of analysis than to explore the revision of national standards of the crux。
Specifically, this paper discusses the main research work are as follows：
First, this paper analyzes the nature of the revision of national standards and the main function, and discusses the revised system of national standards should follow the principle of the proposed revised system of national standards ultimately should be the purpose and status。
Second, the paper revised system of national standards for the status quo analysis. In outlining the amendments to our current system of national standards development process, management mechanism, under the premise of the working mechanism, through the large amount of data, charts, statistical sampling results illustrate the problems of national standards, and analysis of these issues and our current national standards the relationship between the revised system。
Third, this paper selected the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, France launched a five for comparison analysis, from the management system, the division of responsibilities and mode of operation and other aspects of management analysis, and detailed analysis of the various objects of comparison revision of national standards between the model and compared to extract all the object management system and operation mechanism in common between the factors。
Fourth, the paper was selected with the object of national standards between the comparative analysis of the revised system, the analysis focused on management and work patterns. Among them, the management mode selected institutional settings, the division of responsibilities, operational mechanisms of three longitude, longitude in institutional settings, select the cost of management, coordination, response to market demand, the extent of three latitude, longitude, select the operating mechanism in the national standard demand, the legal system security, non-government organizations to compare three dimensions of capacity; in work mode, the comparative analysis of the revised national standards --- the core of the two areas and drafting aspects of project areas. Amendment of National Standards according to the horizontal and vertical system of comparing the results with the current situation of reason analysis, and conclusions were reviewed。
Finally, although the basis of comparative analysis of this proposed method, by extracting the elements were found for comparison between China and the revision of national standards for institutional differences, but the causes of these differences relate to the functions of public administration, adjustment, market cultivation mechanism, the main human factors, and many other variables, and these variables in our present social and economic development require more in-depth study in order to gradually digest and change, which will be the subject of continued research and development。
In summary, this article aims to adopt a proposed revision of national standards restricting the work of the development of critical control points, for further rationalization and revision of China's national standard mechanisms for reference。
Keywords:And revision of national standards, management, operation mode
