摘 要
本文研究的是我国法定计量技术机构的定位与发展问题。目前国内众多的计量技术机构设置，导致一方面是检测资源的建设重复，另一方面由于事业单位的体制改革滞后于经济体制改革，导致我国法定计量技术机构在市场经济中定位模糊，职能不清。这些问题的存在，不仅影响到我国法定计量技术机构在社会发展中的作用，对其自身的建设和发展也会带来极大的阻碍。因此，我国法定计量检定机构的职能转换迫在眉睫，其体制和管理模式的改革势在必行。
本文通过对我国省级法定计量技术机构的重新定位，解决目前省级计量技术机构将公益科研、法制计量、社会中介服务等不同性质的职能混为一体，各项职能的发挥难以到位的现状。重新对现行计量技术机构的定位与职能进行划分，有助于本机构更好的履行其各项职能，适应市场经济的发展。
针对我国法定计量技术机构的职能及其业务结构，对现有的规模庞大的法定计量技术机构进行拆分，一部分作为公益性的法制计量机构，主要开展与国民经济、国防建设、科学进步等关系重大的科研项目，负责量值传递到下一级计量技术机构，并起草制定计量技术规范，承担各项国家强制检定项目。这部分机构应采用财政全额拨款，人员编制及薪酬参照公务员管理或者纳入公务员编制，实行完全公务员管理。这样既精简了编制也减轻了政府负担。一部分作为社会中介服务机构，应逐步从政府计量行政部门脱离，实行企业模式管理，参与市场竞争，实现自负盈亏，这部分机构最终需脱离政府管理，财政独立核算，有完全自主经营权，人员编制及薪酬应采用企业管理模式，部分人员仍由原机构分离出来的人员组成，其余人才的引进应采取社会招聘或者定向培养等方式不断充实人才队伍，薪酬可按照底薪+提成+补贴的方式，多劳多得，少劳少得，不劳不得。但由于计划经济给其遗留下来的各种弊端，在此过渡期间，应对面向市场的这部分机构给予必要的政策与财政扶持，在现有的法定计量技术机构内部区分进行管理，建立“一院两制”的管理制度,这样有助于改革的平稳过渡，最终实现现有法定计量技术机构成功拆分重组。
关键词：计量技术机构；定位；过渡；发展
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the positioning of measurement institutions in our country， there exists a waste of testing resources because too many institutions have been set up now. On the other hand， the reformation of institutions system lags behind the development of economy, leading the statutory technical institutions lacks a clear position and specific function in the market economy. These problems not only affect the efficiency of the legal metrology institutions playing the role of social development, but also bring great obstacles to themselves construction and development. Therefore, it is emergency for the institutions to transform their functions, and the reform of the organization and management is imperative, also.
This paper presents a correct positioning of institutions to improve the situation that the provincial technical institutions play a confused function with public research， legal metrology and the nature of social intermediary. It will help our institution to perform its functions better and adapt to the development of market economy that we reposition the institution and re-divide the functions.
Base on the function and business structure of measurement institutions in our country, the legal metrology institutes are divided into groups. Part as a non-profit organization of legal metrology, principal and national economy, national defense construction, scientific progress, which is crucial to research projects, responsible for the value passed to the next level measurement technology institutions and drafting measurement specifications developed, assume the national compulsory examination projects. This part of the institutions should adopt financial allocations in full, staffing and remuneration in the light of the civil service management or into the civil service establishment, the implementation of full civil service management. This streamlines the preparation also reduced the burden on the Government. Part as social intermediary service institutions, should gradually from Government measurement administrative sector from, implemented enterprise mode management, participation market competition, implementation self-financing, this part institutions eventually required from government management, financial independent, has full independent right, personnel prepared and the pay should used enterprise mode, part personnel still by original institutions separation out of personnel composition, remaining talent of introduced should take social recruitment or directed training, way constantly full talent team, pay can in accordance with the floor + Commission + subsidies of way, working harder, less Dr less was, does not Dr shall not. But because of the legacy of the planned economy to the various ills during the transition period, should be given to this part of the market-oriented institutions necessary policy and financial support, within the existing legal metrology technology institution distinguish between management, the establishment of "one institution, two systems" management system to help smooth transition of reform, and ultimately legal metrology technology institution and government administrative departments for measurement of separation.
Key words:Measure technology institution;Positioning; Transition; Development
