【作者】石大千
【摘要】本文基于中国2005-2015年197个地级市的面板数据，在熊彼特创新理论和波特创新驱动理论的框架下，利用双重差分方法评估了智慧城市建设对城市环境污染的影响，并运用双重差分倾向得分匹配法(PSM-DID)进一步进行了验证。本文结论表明：①智慧城市建设显著降低了城市环境污染，平均而言可以降低城市环境污染9%—24%，基于PSM-DID方法的估计结果与上述结论无明显差异。在考虑了2013年后的环境保护政策影响之后，虽然智慧城市降低环境污染的作用有所减弱，但其降污效果依然十分显著。②机制验证表明，智慧城市建设运用现代信息技术推动了城市发展模式的创新，通过创新驱动产生技术效应、配置效应和结构效应，进而通过上述三大效应降低了城市环境污染。③城市规模异质性研究表明，中等规模的智慧城市加剧了环境污染，而大型城市的智慧城市建设减污效应明显，智慧城市降低环境污染的效果随城市规模的扩大而增强。④城市特征异质性研究发现，人力资本水平、金融发展程度和信息基础设施水平较高的城市可以显著增强智慧城市的减污效应，且人力资本在智慧城市减污效应的释放中发挥的作用最大。本文对改善城市环境生态，升级城市建设形态以营造良好的城市生活生产环境具有重要的借鉴意义。
Based on the panel data of prefecture level cities in China,this paper uses difference-indifferences method to evaluate the impact of smart city construction on urban environmental pollution.This paper uses PSM-DID method to further verify the impact of smart city construction on urban environmental pollution.The conclusion of this paper shows that the construction of smart city has significantly reduced the urban environmental pollution.On the average,it can reduce the urban environmental pollution by 9%—24%.The estimation results based on PSM-DID method is not significantly different.Mechanism verification shows that the smart city construction innovating urban development uses modern information technology to produce technical effect,configuration effect and structure effect through innovation driven.Thus it reduces urban environmental pollution through the above three effects.The heterogeneity of cities study reveals that cities with high level of human capital,financial development and information infrastructure can significantly enhance the effect of pollution reduction in smart cities.Human capital enhances the pollution reduction of smart cities.Based on the latest practice of China's urban development,this paper befits to improve the urban environment ecology and upgrades the urban construction.It is of great significance to create a good environment for urban living and production.
【关键词】智慧城市/环境污染/城市规模/创新驱动/熊彼特创新 smart city/environmental pollution/urban scale/innovation driven/Schumperian innovation
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